Lecture 7 · Interactive explanation

Change the units; keep risk and odds separate

Interactive labLecture 7

1. A value on different scales

Fixed training parameters: mean 170 cm, SD 10 cm, minimum 150 cm, maximum 200 cm. Use those same parameters for a new value.

Height

Z-score

Min–max value

Both transformations preserve shape. They do not force normality. A new value beyond the training range can map outside 0–1.

2. Same table, different comparisons

Each group has 100 people. Change the number with an outcome.

Events in exposure group Events in comparison group

Absolute risks

Relative risk

Odds ratio

Absolute difference

A ratio of 1 means equality between the groups. An absolute difference uses percentage points. These invented tables illustrate arithmetic, not causal conclusions.